1. The origin of the connector
The birth of the connector was born from the manufacturing technology of the fighter. The aircraft in the battle must be refueled and repaired on the ground, and the length of stay on the ground is an important factor in the battle. Therefore, in the Second World War, the US military authorities resolved to reduce the time for ground maintenance and increase the combat time of fighters. They first unitize the various control instruments and components, and then connect them into a complete system. When repairing, the unit that has failed will be disassembled, the new unit will be replaced, and the aircraft will be able to take off. After the war, AT-T Bell Lab successfully developed the Bell telephone system, followed by the rise of computers, communications and other industries, which led to more development opportunities for connectors derived from stand-alone technology, and the market quickly expanded.
2. The meaning of the connector
A connector, which is an appliance (including an accessory) for performing electrical connection between a circuit or an electromechanical device, is called a connector. The generalized connector refers to the bridge between all signals, which includes various unitized electronic and electrical modules and components connected into a complete system in a short time.
3. Classification of connectors
3.1 External connectors (for external chassis) and internal connectors (for internal chassis) according to the nature of use.
3.2 Crimp Type and Crimp Type (I.D.C Type) are also called Puncture Type, Solder Type, and Zero Insert Type (Z.I.F Type).
3.3 Split-to-board connectors, board-to-board connectors, wire-to-wire connectors, sockets, and input and output connectors according to usage.
3.4 According to the form of PCB board connector, flat cable connector, coaxial cable connector, embedded connector, press-type connector, circular connector, angle connector, printed wiring board connector.
3.5 According to the structure, general connector, moisture-resistant waterproof connector, environment-resistant connector, airtight connector, fire-resistant connector, water-resistant connector.
4. The composition of the connector
The connector is composed of an insulator, a plug combination body, a socket combination body, and a wire.
4.1 Insulator: A part used to maintain the fixed position of each combined body and complete the electrical insulation between the combined bodies.
4.2 Plug combination: A rectangular or round steel pin or terminal is used to insert the part (terminal or spring) of the socket assembly.
4.3 Socket combination: A combination of elastic functional parts in order to maintain good contact with the plug combination.
4.4 Wire: Generally, wire, such as electronic wire, cable, and isolation wire.
5. Connector characteristics
5.1 One of the male or female contacts is flexible, and the interconnection of the contacts allows the circuit to ensure connection.
5.2 The terminal part of the contact has a wiring structure in which an electric wire or a printed wiring board can be easily applied. That is, it is used for welding, encapsulation, holding, and through-hole welding.
5.3 The contacts are fixed at the correct position of the insulator, and the insulator can be used to maintain the voltage insulation resistance between the contacts.
5.4 It has a coupling structure to facilitate the insertion or disengagement of the joint, and it will not change when it is shocked or impacted.
6. Use of the connector
Widely used in computer and interface equipment, telecommunications, communication equipment, instruments, video recorders, video players, televisions, electronic enthusiasts, audio, telephone, vehicle, medical, electronics, military and aviation industries.
Second, the specific explanation of the components of the connector
Through the above brief introduction to the connector, we can see that the connector is a seemingly simple, practically complicated (note that the use of "complex" rather than "complex"). In terms of materials, the connector is mainly composed of two parts: metal material and plastic material. For our company, the connector is mainly composed of the following parts: wire (including PVC rubber, copper wire), terminal, Housing, Wafer (including PIN needle, plastic seat) and so on.
1. Wire introduction
1.1 Wire structure
Wire (WIRE) = insulator (outer PVC) + conductor (core wire)
Insulator is the part of the insulation that is exposed to the outside. Our company now mainly refers to PVC compound.
The conductor (core wire) refers to the metal part of the wire that conducts electricity. Generally, the core wire of the wire has the following types according to its structure:
a. TD line: single core wire tinned
b. AD line: single bare copper wire
c. AS line: consists of multiple core wires without tin plating (ie bare copper wire)
d. TS wire: consists of multiple core wires, each of which has tin plating (ie, first plated and then twisted)
e. TC line: twisted and tinned by multiple core wires (usually bare copper wire or tinned wire) (ie, first twisted and then plated)
1.2 Thickness of wire
1.2.1 Line Number---AWG: American Wire Gauge
 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32
1.2.2 Wire diameter and number of core wires
Wire No. (AWG) Number of core wires / core wire diameter (mm) Stranded outer diameter (mm) Cross-sectional area (mm2) Maximum lay length (mm)
32 7/0.08 0.24±0.02 0.035 10.5
30 7/0.102 0.31±0.02 0.055 12.7
28 7/0.127 0.39±0.02 0.088 12.7
26 7/0.160 0.49±0.02 0.14 15.2
24 7/0.203 0.61±0.02 0.22 17.8
22 17/0.160 0.76±0.02 0.34 20.3
20 21/0.180 0.94±0.02 0.52 31.8
18 34/0.180 1.18±0.02 0.82 50.8
16 26/0.254 1.50±0.02 1.32 50.8
14 41/0.254 1.88±0.02 2.08 58.6
12 65/0.254 2.37±0.02 3.3 93.5


1.3 Wire Type
1.3.3.1 Hook-up Wire
a. General electronic lines: such as 1007, 1015, 1061, 1095, etc.
b. Irradiate PVC electronic wires: such as 1430, 1431, etc.
c. Double insulated electronic wire: such as 1617, 1672, etc.
d. Iron and fluorine attack high temperature resistant line: such as 1199, 1330 and so on.
1.3.3.2 Shielded Wire
a. Single isolation line: such as 1185, 1354, 1533, 1691, etc.
b. Double isolation lines: such as 2547, 2854, 2851, etc.
c. Double-single isolation lines (that is, two single isolation lines are together): such as 2562, 2590, etc.
1.3.3.3 Coaxial Cable
a. Do not weave PE single core wire.
b. Braided PE (polyethylene) single core wire, multi-core wire: such as 1107, 1365 and so on.
c. Weaving FRPE (flame resistant polyethylene) single core wire, multi-core wire: such as 1107, 1365 and so on.
d. RG type: such as 1354, 1478, etc.
1.3.3.4 Ribbon Cable (English meaning is ribbon-shaped, ribbon-shaped Cable wire)
a. Side-by-side lines, such as 2468, are divided into two types: pitch and no spacing.
b. Electronic parallel lines, such as 1007 and 1015.
1.3.3.5 Flat Cable (English type refers to flat, flat Cable wire)
a. UL gray line, such as 2651, can be divided into many different types such as 1.27, 2.54, etc.
b. Ordinary gray cable, divided into single-sided cable and double-sided cable.
c. Other flat cable.
1.3.3.6 Computer Cable (we are usually called a round wire)
a. UL Cable lines, such as 2468, 2919.
b. Non-standard Cable line.
1.3.3.7 Braided wire
It is made of a plurality of bare copper wires or tinned wires (one strand consisting of a plurality of core wires), such as 0.12/144, 0.12/64, and the like.
1.4 Wire Specifications
1.4.1 Material of wire: The wire material used in general connectors is based on the principle of better flame resistance. General wiring must meet the UL requirements of the VW-1 level of combustion, the general isolation line must meet the VW-1SC combustion level, the temperature limit wire used according to the characteristics of the insulator material from 60 to 250 ° C, and generally used The 80 °C is the reference, and the AC power is based on 105 °C.